Chandigarh

History and Geography

Chandigarh is a fully grown city of most contemporary structural elegance. The city nestles in a stunning establishing in the foothills of Shivalik mountains and loves the popular epithet the "City Beautiful". Representative of recent Structure & Town Planning, the city is a development of the France Designer, Le Corbusier, Chandigarh and the space around it were constituted as a Partnership Place on 1 Nov 1966. It provides as the joint capital of both Punjab and Haryana Declares. It is surrounded on North and Western by Punjab and on the Eastern and South by Haryana.

ADMINISTRATION

Chandigarh Management is moving on four wide methodologies. First, it is our aim to offer, with the help of technological innovation, an available and clear administration. We were among the first to apply the conditions of the Right to Details Act. 

A variety of solutions, for which individuals earlier had to go to government offices, are now available on computer and cell phones. All guidelines are being analyzed to see what generality can be carried out to create them user-friendly. The purpose is to reduce the exercise of attention, and reduce the leg perform of the resident in dealing with the Management.

Secondly, the Management is operating towards better pay of economical growth by motivating economical actions which offer greater value inclusion, such as information centered places, high-end professional action, etc., Chandigarh already has the highest per household earnings in the nation.

Thirdly, the Management is looking for to offer infrastructural solutions such as power provide, drinking water, wellness and educational solutions and trains and buses which should compare with those in advanced countries. It will take time, but we believe that our dreams can be achieved in the method term.

Fourthly, the Management is all too conscious of the fact that the benefits of growth do not reach everyone equally. Hence there is a special focus on attaining out to those whom growth has by-passed.

AGRICULTURE

The Partnership Place Chandigarh has limited area under Farming. The farming area is being progressively obtained for the development of Chandigarh City, and developed area have reduced from 5,441 hectares in 1966 to 1,400 hectares in 2002-03. The primary sources of watering are deep-bore tube-wells set up by the Management and superficial tube-wells set up by individual farm owners. The primary plants of foodgrain is wheat and it is placed nearly in 700 hectares of area. The Division is creating projects to advertise techniques of growing by following measures:
Extension and Farmers Study/Training Tour
Development of Kitchen Garden
Soil and Water Conservation

INDUSTRY

There are 15 large and method places, and about 3,140 small-scale commercial models in the Condition, offering career to about 30,000 individuals and offering an yearly outcome of roughly Rs 600 crore. These models are mainly additional models involved in the manufacturing of commercial nails, steel and wood made furniture, machine tools, cleansers and soaps, medication, electrical/electronic items, hygienic accessories, actions items, plastic items, stamp collecting small needles, etc. 

There are about 20 significant dispatching models in Chandigarh, which trade items to the tune of Rs 60 crore (approximately) yearly. Although in nationwide terms, the quality of exports may appear to be rather little, the Administration's projects now are to advertise only hi-tech digital and technological innovation, non-polluting market besides the trade focused market for future development.

POWER

Chandigarh gets energy from nearby states and Main creation projects to fulfill its energy need. It has 3.5 % share of total energy creation of Bhakra complicated. Further, the firm allowance is 82.9 mw, out of heat, atomic and gas centered Main creation projects. The shortcoming is being met through ad hoc allowance from BBMB besides Main projects. All the towns around the city stand electrified and have been prolonged the service of group lighting. About 2,000 variety of power effective lights have been set up in various essential structures.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Chandigarh has created progress in the area of Details Technology which today is symbolic of growth and progress. 25 Sept 2005 will be kept in mind as a red letter day in the history of Chandigarh. On that day the Prime Reverend, Dr. Manmohan Singh, inaugurated the Rajiv Gandhi Chandigarh Technology Car park. 

This has included a fresh sizing to the economy of the city. The development of a knowledge-based market is an inspiration to Chandigarh being seen as an investment destination for technological innovation organizations. This in turn will enhance not only the amount but also the fantastic of career. 

The Management is also considering the growth of Chandigarh as a economical solutions hub. Projects like the Chandigarh Technology Car park, Knowledge City and Film City will further enhance the stage of business actions. Chandigarh is becoming one of the preferred locations for technological innovation organizations since it offers an top total well being and a competent base of hr.

In the second stage of the IT Car park, Wipro has been created an core company and Bharti Teleservices has also been allocated area to set up its application growth centre-cum-campus. The 250 acre phase-II of the CTP will consist of 115 miles for Technology Car park and 135 miles for incorporated support features. An Business owner Development Center (EDC) is also being recognized at the CTP. It would be available to IT/ITES/BPO organizations for incubation and for establishing up of plug and play features. It will have a research clinical which will offer contemporary features to organizations to perform in.

WATER TREATMENT AND IRRIGATION

The Chandigarh Management has also started action on the various projects to fulfill the goals of Jawahar Lal Nehru National City Restoration Objective so as to have organized growth of towns with concentrate on performance in urban solutions delivery program. The Public Organization has already sent a venture on Tertiary Water Therapy, looking for an assistance of Rs. 35 crore to the Partnership Government. 

The Chandigarh Management has created a supply of Rs. 94.22 crore of tax earnings for the Public Organization. Moreover to this, Rs. 7.03 crore were also allocated for payment of street light bills. The Management has also been offering additional grant to the Public Organization for development of public services under various projects. Lately Rs. 50 lakh were given to the Public Organization for upgradation of features in Industry 17.

Chandigarh Management has always endeavoured to enhance the infrastructural features of the city. The Management is offering top priority to the performance of water. The Management has been operating in close sychronisation with the Public Organization to offer various public services and solutions. 

The enhancement perform ofwater provide plan, Phase-IV has been completed at the price of Rs. 4722 lakh, 25 new strong pipe water wells have been set up at various parts of the city at the price of Rs. 300 lakh, and 12 new watering pipe water wells have been set up at the price of Rs. 100 lakh for provide of water for watering. A 5 MGD Sewerage Therapy Place has been designed at the price of Rs. 505 lakh in town Raipur Kalan for treating sewer prosperous of Manimajra. The sewerage and weather water waterflow and drainage program of the city has further been enhanced and increased at the price of Rs. 235 lakh.

There is a offer to update the Sewerage Therapy Place at Diggian to 45MGD at an approximated price of Rs. 3200 lakh. The Tertiary Water Submission Network will be further enhanced at the price of Rs. 2200 lakh. Development of a 2MGD Sewerage Therapy Plan at Maloya at the price of Rs. 300 lakh is also in direction. For further boosting the drinking water, 19 new pipe water wells will also be set up at a price of Rs. 300 lakh.

ENVIRONMENT

For a healthier lifestyle, the durability of environment and favorable environment is essential. In this respect, the Public Organization has designed Green Straps in Sec 38C&D and 24A, B, C&D. Shivalik Lawn in Manimajra (Pocket No.7) is being designed at a price of Rs. 200 lakh. Around 5000 plants have been placed during the last six several weeks. Community Centers are being designed at Modern Real estate Complex, Manimajra, Sec.28B and Sec.30B at the price of Rs. 50 lakh. For the comfort of individuals, the Organization has designed 48 cutting edge bus line offers.

POWER

Chandigarh has one of the better energy and power distribution systems in the nation. We have performed a venture to offer power with a stability of 99.99 % within two decades. According to the need for a quick and effective riding on the bus program for Chandigarh, a new Lines Transport System has been presented. Movement of interest have been welcomed for a railroad centered mass rapid transportation program.

EDUCATION AND HEALTH

It is one of the main concerns to give the public sector especially education and wellness a certain and desired forced. Lately, the administration has released an committed Nourishment Program which is designed at maintaining the wellness and well being of youngsters. Under the programme, healthier ready meal such as chapattis, vegetables and dal are being given to the learners totally without any charge especially in hives, towns, recovery hives and non-model educational institutions whose students are from low earnings families. 

In the second stage, other educational institutions will also be provided same ready meals. At the same time groups of doctors would regularly visit educational institutions for recurring tracking to offer nutrition supplements in tablet type to nutritionally lacking kids at least for six several weeks. All anemic and earthworms affected kids analyzed by the University Health Teams would be offered strategy to three several weeks. 

For earthworms attack, the first amount will be given on the spot while the instructors can be allocated the projects of providing the second amount on the next due date. Children needing further therapy, dental treatment and eye examine ups would be referred to the appropriate Healthcare center for further treatment.

The parents of the educational institutions going kids in the target places including recovery and labor hives would be sensitive regularly about nutritional requirements, inadequacies and illnesses.The Chandigarh Management has taken the lead in offering 100 % free and necessary education to all kids of the age group 6-14 decades as enshrined in our structure. The fee up to category VIII rechargeable from learners has also been eliminated in all government educational institutions. 

Not only this, the program of collection of funds from the learners in the government educational institutions has also been eliminated from Dec 2005 and needing the government educational institutions will be met from the budget of the Management. It has also been decided that all learners in non-model educational institutions up to category VIII will be offered 100 % free books and all kids studying in non-model educational institutions up to category VIII will be offered 100 % free school outfits from the forth-coming period.

In its effort to offer available, affordable and reliable health proper want to the individuals of Chandigarh, the Management has taken several steps to enhance, update and modernise the current wellness features and facilities. Several cutting edge features have been began at the Government Healthcare Higher education and Healthcare center, Industry 32 and the Common Healthcare center, Industry 16 to offer better individual proper care. 

The current program of the GMCH is being networked and the procedure to start Endoscopic Surgery in the Division of Gynaecology has also been began. Computerised Radiography System and Digital Radiotherapy will be set up in the Division of Radio-diagnosis of the GMCH. Seven well-equipped operation cinemas along with Publish Sedation Care Unit and Publish Surgical Keep will be requested in the GMCH. Toxicology Laboratory will be recognized to accomplish individual proper care with respect to research of chemical and toxins at the GMCH. Foundation stone of the Local Institution for Psychologically Incapable at Industry 31-C has been laid.

The Emergency Prevent of the Common Healthcare center, Sector16 will be remodeled and a 6-storeyed OPD Prevent has been organized in the Common Healthcare center. Help Desk at the Common Healthcare center, Industry 16, has been recognized for comfort of sufferers and supply for blue colored cards for according preference to elderly individuals in outdoor treatment centers has been created. 

Uniformity is being created at primary stage by freelancing clinical research at the rates equivalent to that of customer charges fixed by the Management. The National Panel of Evaluation, the Partnership Secretary of state for Health insurance coverage Family Well being have approved the Common Healthcare center 16 to prize Publish Graduate student Degree in Gynecology and Pediatric medicine. 

There is a offer to update the University of Healthcare into Higher education of Healthcare. The sufferers below hardship range and sufferers under economical problems are offered 100 % free OPD/Indoor treatment. The Chandigarh Management has set up a Drop-in-Centre for HIV sufferers to enhance their total well being and a new Non-reflex Guidance and Examining Center has also been recognized at Community Health Center, Manimajra.

COMMERCE AND TRADE

With an aim to create operator helpful environment all the significant choices are taken in assessment with the customer groups. Legal action on the Excise Plan 2006-07 has been sought by the Chandigarh Management to create it more simple to use before its final execution. 

The set up Excise Plan has been created in consonance with the Design Excise Policy/Taxation/Act Rules for alcohol consumption distributed by the Partnership Secretary of state for Food Handling Industries. At the same time, it will also examine the evasion of the excise responsibility and other taxation and considerably enhance the earnings of the Management.

To boost professional actions in the Partnership Place of Chandigarh, the Management has declared the liberalization of transformation from one business to another. Under the plan, 100 % free transformation of business in respect of the floor floors of professional businesses has been allowed. Allottees of professional sites and property can engage in most deals without applying for transformation and without paying for it on the beginning.

WELFARE

A society is assessed by the way it snacks its downtrodden, poor, desolate, elderly individuals and widows. In the area of public welfare, the Management has taken several projects. An inclusive Professional Training-cum-Production Marketing Center is coming up in Industry 46, which would be a hub of exercising, deals, self-employment actions, early involvement and avoidance of childhood problems and to create the kids self reinforced individuals. The Center will also serve the needs of worthy individuals of the nearby states.

A Professional Training Program for Persons with Disabilities is suggested to be financed under the Government of India's plan where vocational exercising and protected classes can be recognized. For the comfort of the pensioners, the Management has began releasing Old Age Retirement residing, Widow Retirement residing and Retirement residing to Impaired Individual through Sampark Centers recognized in Sectors 10,15,18,23,43,47, Manimajra and Industrial Place Phase-I. 

Chandigarh Management has set up a Servicing Cell at the Chandigarh Higher education of Technological innovation and Technology to offer maintenance solutions to the citizens of the city in specialized places. It will also provide specialized exercising in various places to the individuals residing below hardship range to create them self dependent salary earners.

The Management has also released a venture under which local craftsmen will be offered a place to display their relics and a foundation to demonstrate and offer their items. A directory of craftsmen will be ready which will be kept at the Panchayat Bhawan so that the craftsmen can be approached whenever required. 

The craftsmen will also be motivated to type supportive cultures for which all help will be prolonged to them by the Domain registrar Cooperative Societies so as to allow them to demonstrate and offer their items in a successful way. A Child Art Collection in Govt. Art gallery and Art Collection will be recognized.

HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Chandigarh Management has been creating honest projects to fulfill the housing demand of the citizens. Real estate plan for 96 one bed space and 96 two bed space apartments in Industry 49 has been released. In the same way, another housing plan for 160 one bed space and 112 two bed space apartments in Industry 49 is likely to be released soon. 

For financially sluggish segments, 288 apartments in Industry 38(West) and 400 apartments in Industry 49 will be released under another housing plan. About 1600 multi-storeyed apartments will be designed in Industry 63 for which professionals are being involved.

Chandigarh Management has arranged 135 miles of position for residential service in the CTP where about 2000 apartments are expected to be designed. About 90 miles of area has also been utilized the CHB in Sectors 53, 54 and 55 for housing plan. Chandigarh Management is also in the procedure of earmarking 20 miles of area in Industry 52 for construction of houses of different groups for U.T. workers. 

Chandigarh Real estate Panel is being automated to offer on the internet data to group to examine their accounts and pay expenses on the internet. Software for offering on the internet information to the allottees has been ready and property records are being computerised.

Chandigarh Cops has worked to offer a individuals helpful, clear and sensitive tracking to the citizens of the city with concentrate on stability and basic tracking. The Chandigarh Cops has released an SMS information service. 

The SMS information service would allow any individual to know position of group problems posted at the group window program and the position of their ticket applications. The Common Integrated Cops Application is also being presented in all law enforcement stations of the Partnership Place of Chandigarh.

Chandigarh features of an outstanding actions facilities in the nation. Its contemporary actions facilities has further been increased. Overflow lighting with most advanced technological innovation at a price of Rs. 1.67 crore have been requested at Baseball Ground, Industry 42. 

The share of the Pond Club is being remodeled and several outstanding features are being included to the Cricket stadium, Industry 16 to bring it at par with an international cricket floor. Overflow lighting will also be set up. All weather share at Sports Complex, Industry 42, will be designed.

TRANSPORT

Chandigarh Transportation Undertaking has the benefit to operate trains and buses plied on sub-urban tracks, town tracks and on inter-state tracks. The length of nationwide roadways is 15.275 km. Chandigarh is well connected by all, road and air as well.

TOURIST CENTRES

Important vacationer centers are Rock Lawn, Rose Lawn, Sukhna Lake, Collection and Art Collection, City Collection, Structure of Dark areas, Geometrical Hill Collection of Progress, Kala Gary, Log Sheds, Nepli Forests, Fitness Trails (in Leisure Valley), National Collection of Images, Central Plaza, International Doll Collection and Smriti Upvan.

Andaman and Nicobar

History and Geography

 The Andaman and Nicobar Isles, a Partnership Place, are located between 6° and 14° Northern Permission and 92° and 94° Southern Longitude. The number of 572 islands/ Islets can be found in the Bay of Bengal, 193 km from Cpe Negaris in Burma (Myanmar), 1,255 km from Kolkata and 1,190 km from Chennai.


 Two major groups of islets are Ritchie's Islands and Maze Isles. The Nicobar Isles are located to the southern of Andamans, 121 km from Little Andaman Isle. There are 38 populated islands, including 25 in the Andaman region and 13 in the Nicobar region.

The original population of hawaii lived in the jungles on hunting and fishing. There are four Negrito communities, viz., the Great Andamanese, Onge, Jarawa and Sentinalese in the Andaman number of islands, and two Mongoloid communities, viz., Nicobarese and Shompens in the Nicobar number of islands. Sentinalese are still aggressive, keeping a separate enterprise, and have not yet discovered the concept of covering their bodies.

The modern record of the Andaman and Nicobar Isles starts with the organization of a agreement by Southern Native indian Company in 1789. However, in 1796 this agreement was discontinued. Following the first war of Native indian Independence in 1857, the English Native indian Govt established the penal agreement in these islands in 1858, primarily known as Kalapani, for the removal of freedom competitors from the landmass Native indian, which ongoing until the second Globe War during the Second Globe War, the Japanese people causes filled the Andaman and Nicobar Isles in 1942. 

Further, following the give up of the Japanese people causes in the Second Globe War, the English Native indian Govt reoccupied these islands in 1945 and ongoing their management until the Independence of the country in 1947.

AGRICULTURE

A complete of 51,694.35 hect. of area 8068.71 hect. under farming and farmville farm in the Andaman and Nicobar Isles was broken by Tsunami/Earthquake. Out of that paddy and far wall vegetation in 2177.70 hect. and 5891.01 hect. under farmville farm vegetation. Place under permanent submergence is 4206.64 hect. with paddy and far wall vegetation.

Paddy the main food plants, is mostly developed in Andaman number of Isles, whereas Grape and Areca nut are the cash vegetation of Nicobar number of Isles. Field vegetation, namely, impulses, oilseeds and vegetable expanded followed by paddy during Rabi period. Different kinds of fruits such as apple, sapota, lemon, bananas, pawpaw, blueberry and root vegetation are expanded on hilly land owned by the farm owners. Spices or herbs, viz. pepper, clove, nutmeg and nutmeg are expanded under multitier farming system. Rubberized, red oil, hand and cashew are expanded on a limited range in these Isles.

FORESTS

The documented woodlands area is 7,171 sq km of the complete regional part of hawaii. Many types of jungles are discovered in hawaii, such as exotic wet time tested, exotic partial time tested, wet deciduous, littoral, mangrove and swamp jungles. Quite a number of wood are discovered in the Andaman number of islands. The most valuable wood are padauk and gurjan. These varieties are not discovered in Nicobar.

WILDLIFE

There are 96 Creatures Sanctuaries, 9 National Recreational areas and 1 Biosphere Source in these Isles. Animals - Out of 55 terrestrial and 7 Sea mammal varieties revealed so far, 32 varieties are native to the island. Wildlife - As many as 246 varieties and sub varieties of birds are revealed to occupy these Isles, and of these, 99 varieties and sub varieties are native to the island.

 Lizards - There are 76 terrestrial reptiles of these 24 varieties are native to the island. Sea Lifestyle - Isles harbor more than 1,200 striper, 350 varieties of echinoderms, 1,000 varieties of molluscs and many more lower forms of life. Among vertebrates dugongs, whales, whales, salt-water crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes, etc., are common. Hurdle reefs and Hurdle reefs coral reefs - So far, 179 varieties of corals that belong to 61 overal have been revealed. Reefs are mostly fringing kind on eastern shore and barrier kind on the western shore.

INDUSTRY

There are 1763 registered Little town and Handcraft Models as on 31 April 2006. Two units are 100 per cent trade focused units in the line of Fish/Prawn handling activity. Apart from this, there are seashells and wood based handmade items units. SSI units are involved in the production of shows and varnishes, mini flour generators, carbonated drinks and drinks, metal furnishings and furnishings, ready made garments, metal checkpoint barbecues and components. 

Small-scale handmade items units are also involved in shell designs, bakery products, grain mincing, furnishings making, etc. The Andaman and Nicobar Isles Incorporated Development Corporation in the Community sector has spread its pizza in the region of Travel and leisure, Fisheries, Sectors and Industrial financing and functions as approved agents for Partnership Air/Jet Airways/Air Deccan.

TRANSPORT

The Motor Transportation Division of A & N Administration has prolonged its assistance to 10 (ten) Isles besides Slot Blase in this Partnership Place. The span of solutions prolonged from Diglipur in the Northern to Campbell Bay in the South. The Condition Transportation Solutions operating around 143 Vehicles on 75 tracks. The Administration has given route permits to private bus providers to ensure proper connection of locations. The Andaman Trunk area Road Services joins Slot Blase with Rangat, Mayabunder and Diglipur.

The massive earth tremble followed by tsunami on 26 Dec 2004 absolutely broken the facilities of the Condition Transportation Service in Little Andaman, Car Nicobar, Katchal and Campbell Bay. However the assistance was renewed within a period of two months in all hawaii and the trains and assistance is almost normal in all the tsunami affected islands of the Partnership Place. To recover trains and assistance in the southeast number of islands immediately after tsunami buses from Slot Blase were taken out of their existing tracks and sent to the southeast number of islands where the entire transport assistance was absolutely dislocated.

The facilities at Hut Bay, Katchal and Campbell Bay which experienced severe loss are being rebuilt/repaired in order to accomplish better transport assistance to the citizens of the Southern number of islands.

TOURISM

Andaman and Nicobar Isles have been acknowledged as an eco-friendly tourist's destination. As a vacationer heaven, these islands have something very special to offer like Cellular Jail, Ross Isle and Havelock Isle.

The Andaman exotic time tested jungles, wonderful gold exotic seashores, courbe mangrove-lines streams, marine life abounding unusual varieties of vegetation, creatures, corals, etc., offer an unforgettable encounter to the visitors. There is remarkable opportunity for experiencing characteristics in the seaside hotels, aquatic activities and encounter aquatic activities, encounter tourism like hiking, Isle hiking, Nature pathway, Scuba dive diving Snorkeling, etc.

 The Andaman exotic time tested jungles, wonderful gold exotic seashores, courbe mangrove-lines streams, marine life abounding unusual varieties of vegetation, creatures, corals, etc., offer an unforgettable encounter to the visitors. There is remarkable opportunity for experiencing characteristics in the seaside hotels, aquatic activities and encounter aquatic activities, encounter tourism like hiking, Isle hiking, Nature pathway, Scuba dive diving Snorkeling, etc.

Tourism Division runs visitor houses in various parts of the Isles for comfortable housing to visitors visiting these Isles. The important locations of vacationer interest are Anthropological Art gallery, Sea Art gallery, Normal water Sports Complex, Gandhi Park, Northern Bay, Viper Isle, Ross Isle, Chidiyatapu, (Bird watching), Red Skin Isle, Corbyn's cove Beach, Isles like Neil Isle, Havelock Isle, Cinque, Little Andaman, Diglipur (Ross & Smith), etc. Tented housing is available at Radha Nagar Beach from Dec to May. The best period to visit these Isles is from Oct to May.

West Bengal

History and Geography


The Condition of Bengal discovers a popular position, even in pre-historic times. At enough duration of Alexander's intrusion, a powerful empire called Gangaridai decided over Bengal. Ascendancy of the Guptas and the Mauryas had somewhat little effect on Bengal. Later, Sasanka became Master of Bengal, and is said to have performed an essential part in north-eastern Indian in the early half of the 7th millennium. 

He was prevailed by Gopala, who established the Pala empire, which decided for hundreds of years and had designed a huge empire. The Palas were followed by the Sena empire, which was finished by Islamic kings from Delhi. Bengal was decided by various Islamic kings and governors until the Mughal interval in 16th millennium.

After the Mughals, record of modern Bengal started with the introduction of Western and British trading organizations. Battle of Plassey in 1757 changed the course of record, when the British first obtained a strong grip in Bengal and Indian. In 1905, it was portioned to achieve some governmental profits but individuals growing activity under the of The legislature led to the gathering in 1911. This activated off stressful activity for independence, which culminated with Freedom in 1947, and the partition thereafter.

After 1947, the merging of local settlement started, which finished with its final reorganisation in 1956 (as per Suggestions of the Declares Reorganisation Act, 1956), when some Arabic speaking places of a nearby state were moved to Western Bengal.

The area frontier of the Condition variations Bangladesh in the eastern, and is divided from Nepal in free airline. Bhutan can be found in the north-east, while Sikkim is on the northern. On free airline are the usa of Bihar, Jharkhand, while in the southeast can be found Orissa, and the Bay of Bengal, washing its southeast frontiers.

Agriculture

Agriculture performs a critical part in the Region's economic system and nearly three out of every four persons are directly or ultimately engaged in farming. The complete meals development in the Condition in 2004-05, was 16107.2 million loads. During 2004-05, the development of grain was 14884.9 million loads, of rice 841.5 million loads and of impulses 167.3 million loads respectively. The development of oilseeds during the same interval was 556.8 million loads and of spud 7106.6 million loads. The development of jute was 7853.2 million bales in 2004-05.

Industry

In 2005 the variety of accepted commercial suggestions in the Condition was provisionally approximated to be 386 with a complete financial commitment of Rs 17968.41 crore. In this interval from 1991 to 2004, accepted commercial financial commitment suggestions obtained by the Condition were 4029 including a complete financial commitment of Rs. 75720.59 crore.

In the interval from 1991 to 2004, 991 tasks with a complete financial commitment of Rs. 26680.14 crore were applied. In 2005, according to the available details, 161 tasks with a complete financial commitment of Rs. 1914.72 crore were applied in the Condition. On 31 Dec 2005, 65 significant tasks (projects with financial commitment over Rs. 25 crore) with a complete financial commitment of Rs. 8987 crore under execution in Western Bengal.

The biggest variety of significant tasks under development is situated in Burdwan followed by Purba Medinipur. In the industrially in reverse region of Bankura, 7 significant commercial tasks are arriving up. Six of these are in the metal and metal market and the other is a concrete device. In Purulia, another industrially in reverse region, 5 significant tasks are under development. The four tasks are in the metal and metal market and the other is a concrete device.

While commercial financial commitment has been improving specially from the beginning of this several years, the career prospective of most models is much lower than the old labor intense models existing in the Condition. In these conditions the need is to improve numerous commercial financial commitment in the Condition. The Condition Govt has been able to get over the earlier misgivings of traders in investing in a Condition under a pro-labour government.

In association with practical actions to maintain investors' confidence, the Municipality has set in position a variety of strategy projects. The Municipality has promulgated in quick sequence a Bio-technology Policy, Mines and Nutrient Policy, Information Technological innovation Policy and Cover IT allowed services.

The Condition Govt has also been the first Condition Govt in Indian to come up with an act on Special Economic Area (SEZ). The first sector-specific SEZ in Indian, Manikanchan Gem and Jewelry Recreation area, has already become.

The deciding upon of South Oriental Free Business Place (SAFTA) contract on 18 Jan 2006 would provide opportunities as well as difficulties to Western Bengal, one of the boundary states in Indian. The purpose of SAFTA is to reduce current charges to less than five per cent within a period of your energy and energy and effort so as to improve trade among SAARC countries. functional in the Condition.

The Condition is perhaps one of the few states in Indian with excess energy. The Condition Govt has taken up a program to maintain this excess situation in in the future. In addition to improving significantly the installed energy creation capacity, the Municipality is also applying a variety of techniques for enhancing and increasing the transmitting and submission system.

The Condition Govt has also been helping the physical and social facilities in situations especially in towns. It has also been trying to improve the street connection in the Condition by building new streets or enhancing and building up the current street system. The 1600 crore Kolkata megacity Programme is being applied by the Kolkata Urban Development Power (KMDA). 

Under the program a complete of 130 techniques weight a sum complete of Rs. 1267.33 crore in various areas like drinking water, traffic and transportation, sewerage and waterflow and drainage, strong waste management, real estate and area development, commercial complicated, broken enhancement, environment enhancement were taken up. The Kolkata Improvement Believe in (KIT) also utilizes techniques under Kolkata Megacity Programme (KMP). The Howrah Improvement Believe in (HIT) is also applying techniques under KMP. 

Under KMP 1,768 km of southeast waterflow and drainage route at Sodium Pond has been re-excavated. The most essential infrastructural venture being applied in the Condition is the Rajarhat New Town Project protecting a position of 3075 hectares in the northern southeast edge of Kolkata. Land purchase and development have been completed in Activity Area-I protecting 660 hectares. Intended for Place II protecting a position of 1050 hectares, area stuffing is in improvement.

The Development Regulators established to develop different towns in the Condition are also applying high variety of techniques. The Western Bengal Industrial Infrastructure Development Organization (WBIIDC) is the nodal state level organization for creating facilities specifically for the commercial industry, WBIIDC has so far developed 12 growth centers (industrial estates) situated at Kalyani (Phase-I, II & III), Falta, Uluberia, Bishnupur, Raninagar, Cooch Behar, Malda, Dabgram, Haldia and Kharagpur. 

The Western Bengal Industrial Development Organization (WBIDC), the primary organization in situations for advertising areas has recently been progressively engaged in creating facilities for the market industry. With financial commitment flow no longer a problem, WBIDC's promotional activities could best be formulated by offering cutting edge market particular 'parks' to traders.

The IT Division of the Condition Govt is the primary organization for advertising IT market in situations. Within a few months the IT market has obtained significant growth. At the moment complete trade earning of IT organizations situated in Software Technological innovation Recreation area (STP) is Rs. 2000 crore. Currently 180 IT and 55 ITes organizations are operating in Kolkata offering career to 35000 professionals.

 The Food Handling Industries and Farming Division of the Condition Govt Encourages meals processing areas in the Condition. The department has been trying to encourage small business owners to invest in the meals processing market. To repeat it places up meals recreational areas, subject to spoiling goods freight buildings, qc labs, etc.

Irrigation and Power

Irrigation prospective designed in the Condition through significant and method watering tasks in 2004-05 was provisionally approximated at 1554.71 million hectares. At the moment only two significant watering tasks. Teesta Barriage Projects (TBP) and Sabarnarekha Onslaught Project (SBP) are being applied in the Condition. In both these tasks the Condition is experiencing a variety of restrictions. 

As a result of these restrictions only 22,245 million hectares of watering prospective could be designed in the first three decades of the Tenth strategy in 2002-03 to 2004-05. It is expected that 10,000 hectares in 2005-06 and in 2006-07 15,000 hectares of watering prospective will be designed. 

So that complete watering prospective designed during the Tenth Plan would be nearly 37 million hectares. Currently nine method watering techniques in the region of Puralia are continuing. A complete of 12.41 million hectares of watering prospective have been designed through method watering techniques in the first three decades of the Tenth strategy.

Power in Western Bengal is currently produced by the Western Bengal Power Development Organization Restricted, Western Bengal Condition Power Board, Calcutta Power Provide Organization, Durgapur Project Restricted, Disergarh Power Provide Organization etc. Total creation of energy produced by the Condition organizations was 17115 MU in 2005-06 (up to Apr to Nov 2005). The count of moujas electrified during 2005-06 (up to Nov 2005) is 32552 and the count of push places energized is 1,13,759.

Transport

Roads: The length of streets under state roadways is 3,354 km, under PWD 12,288 km, and that of the region streets is 41,278 km respectively.

Railways: Howrah, Asansol, Sealdah, Bandel, Bardhaman, Kharagpur and New Jalpaiguri are the main junctions in Western Bengal.


Festivals


Durga Puja is the most essential event along with Kali Puja or Diwali besides Vasant Panchami, Lakshmi Puja, Holi, Sivaratri, Janmasthami, Id-ul-Fitr, etc.

Tourist Centres

Important vacationer centers are, among others Kolkata, Digha (Midnapore), Bakkhali Sea Hotel, Sagar Isle and Sundarbans (South 24-Parganas), Bandel, Tarakeswar, Kamarpukur (Hooghly), Gadiara (Howrah), Shantiniketan and Bakreshwar (Birbhum), Durgapur (Burdwan), Mukutmanipur and Vishnupur (Bankura), Ayodhya Mountains (Purulia), Murshidabad, Gour and Pandua (Malda), Darjeeling, Mirik, Kalimpong, Sandakfu and Falut and Kurseong (Darjeeling), Jaldapara and Dooars (Jalpaiguri).

Uttar Pradesh

History and Geography


The record of the Condition of Uttar Pradesh is very historical and exciting. It is acknowledged in the later Vedic Age as Brahmarshi Desha or Madhya Desha. Many excellent sages of the Vedic periods like Bharadwaja, Gautam, Yagyavalkya, Vasishta, Vishwamitra and Valmiki prospered in this state. Several sacred guides of the Aryans were also consisting here. Two excellent epics of Indian, Ramayana and Mahabharata, appear to have been motivated by Uttar Pradesh.

In the 6th millennium B.C., Uttar Pradesh was associated with two new beliefs - Jainism and Buddhism. It was at Sarnath that Buddha preached his first sermon and set the fundamentals of his purchase, and it was in Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh, where Buddha inhaled his last. 

Several centers in Uttar Pradesh like Ayodhya, Prayag, Varanasi and Mathura became well-known centers of studying. In the historical interval, Uttar Pradesh approved under Islamic concept and led the way to new features of Hindu and Islamic societies. Ramananda and his Islamic disciple Kabir, Tulsidas, Surdas and many other intellectuals offered to the development of Hindi and other 'languages'.

Uttar Pradesh maintained its perceptive excellency even under the English management. The English mixed Agra and Oudh into one region, and known as it U. s. Places of Agra and Oudh. The name was reduced to the U. s. Places in 1935. In Jan 1950, the U. s. Places was relabeled as Uttar Pradesh.

The Condition is surrounded by Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in the northern, Haryana in the western, Madhya Pradesh in the southern, and Bihar in the eastern. Uttar Pradesh can be separated into two unique regions, Southeast mountains and Gangetic simply.

Agriculture

Agriculture is the primary profession of 66 % of the inhabitants of situations. The net developed place in situations is 167.50 lakh hectares. In the season 2003-04 situations created 255.67 lakh measurement loads of rice, 130.22 lakh measurement loads of grain, 23.80 lakh measurement loads of impulses and 6.44 lakh measurement loads of oilseeds and 1127.54 lakh loads glucose stick. Complete foodgrains development during 2003-2004 was 442.58 lakh measurement loads.

Industry and Minerals

During the season 2004-2005 there were 521835 small-scale professional models such as an overall financial commitment of Rs. 5131 crore and job possibilities for 2001000 individuals. About 45.51 lakh loads of glucose was created in situations during the season 2003-2004. There were 68 fabric models. Thirty-two vehicle models with an financial commitment of Rs. 5,740 crore offered tasks to 20280 individuals.

It is organized to create 102 sections of New Okhla Industrial Development Power (NOIDA) by th season 2011. The Power contains professional areas,housing areas,group real estate areas, personal structures, professional resources and institutional areas. Actions have been taken to create other professional areas in situations on the design of Noida and Higher Noida. A Application Technological innovation Recreation place has been set up in Kanpur while five more Application Areas are suggested to be set up.

Under the community market, exploration of limestone, magnesite, phosphate, dolomite and silicon-sand is performed. The large minimal and some of the significant nutrients like limestone, silica-sand, pyrophyllite and diaspore is mostly with the personal market. Essential centered sectors consist of huge concrete vegetation in Sonebhadra.

Irrigation and Power

UP Energy Organization, UP Condition Energy Creation and UP Hydel Energy Organization had been established by reorganising UP Condition Power Panel on 14 Jan 2000.

During 2004-05 an expenses of Rs 98715 crore was created to increase the watering prospective to a stage of 319.17 lakh hectares. At enough duration of beginning the whole set up prospective of UPSEB, such as heat and hydro, was 2,635 MW which has now been brought up to 4621 MW.

Transport

Roads: The entire street duration in the Condition is 1,04,137 km. This contains 3,912 km of nationwide roadways, 9,098 km of state roadways, 87,248 km of important region streets, 91,127 km of other region streets, and 72,931 km of non-urban streets.

Railways: Lucknow is the primary jct of the northern system. Other important train junctions are Agra, Kanpur, Allahabad, Mughalsarai, Jhansi, Moradabad, Varanasi, Tundla, Gorakhpur, Gonda, Faizabad, Bareilly and Sitapur.

Aviation: There are air-ports at Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi, Bareilly, Hindon (Ghaziabad), Gorakhpur, Sarsawa (Saharanpur), and Fursatganj (Rae-Bareli).

Festivals

The greatest members, perhaps around the globe, Kumbha Mela is organised at Allahabad every 12th season and Ardh kumbh Mela every 6th season. Magh Mela is also organised at Allahabad in Jan when the individuals come in high variety to have a dip in the sacred Sangam. Among other festivals is the week lengthy Jhoola reasonable of Mathura, Vrindavan and Ayodhya, when dols are placed in silver and silver coins jhoolas or cradles. 

A dip in the Ganga on Kartik Poornamasi is expected to be the holiest and there are big congregations at arhmukteshwar, Soran, Rajghat, kakora, Bithur, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi and Ayodhya. A popular livestock reasonable is organised at Bateswar in Agra region. Dewa in Barabanki region has became popular because of the Islamic st. Waris Ali Shah. Besides, important celebrations of the Hindus, Muslims, etc., are commonly famous in situations.


Tourist Centres

Uttar Pradesh has different destinations for all types of visitors. Besides historical locations of pilgrimage like Varanasi, Vindhyachal, Ayodhya, Chitrakoot, Prayag, Naimisharanya, Mathura, Vrindavan, Dewa Sharief, Dargah of Sheikh Saleem Chishti in Fatehpur Sikri, Sarnath, Shravasti, Kushinagar, Sankisa, Kampil, Piprahwa and Kaushambi, locations like Agra, Ayodhya, Sarnath, Varanasi, Lucknow, Jhansi, Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Kannauj, Mahoba, Devgarh, Bithur, and Vindhyachal have wealthy gifts of Hindu and Islamic structure and culture.....

Uttarakhand

History and Geography



Uttarakhand finds talk about in the traditional Hindu scriptures as Kedarkhand, Manaskhand and Himavant. The Kushanas, Kunindas, Kanishka, Samudra Gupta, the Pauravas, Katuris, Palas, the Chandras and Pawaras and the British have made the decision it in changes. It is often known as the Position of the Gods (Dev Bhoomi), because of its various holy places and several shrines. The hilly places of Uttarakhand offer unspoilt landscapes to the tourist-pilgrim.

The current Situation of Uttarakhand was formerly a element of the U. s. Position of Agra and Awadh, which came into way of life in 1902. In 1935, the name of the Situation was decreased to the U. s. Position. In Jan 1950, the U. s. Position was relabeled as Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand remained a element of Uttar Pradeshbefore it came into being on 9 Nov, 2000, the 27th Situation of Native indian.

Located in the foothills of the Himalayas, the Situation has globally restrictions with China providers (Tibet) in the northern and Nepal in the southeast. On its north-west can be discovered Himachal Pradesh, while on the southeast is Uttar Pradesh.

Agriculture

About 90 % of the population of Uttarakhand depends on farming. The finish developed area in the Situation is 7,84,117 hectares. 

Industry and Minerals

The Situation is complete of nutrients like limestone, rock, rock phosphate, dolomite, magnesite, birdwatcher vitamin greyphyte, gypsum, etc. The wide range of smallscale places is 25,294 providing profession to 63,599 people. As many as 1802 huge and technique places with an economical dedication of Rs 20,000 crore apply 5 lakh people. Most of the places are forest-based. There is a finish of 54,047 hand crafted products designs in circumstances.

Irrigation and Energy

Agricultural area under irrigating is 5,91,418 hectares. The Situation has amazing potential for trend power growth. There are a wide range of hydro-electric projects on the rivers Yamuna, Bhagirathi, Bhilangana, Alaknanda, Mandakini, Saryu Gauri, Kosi and Kali generating useful power. Out of 15,667 places, 14,447 places have been electrified.

Transport

Roads: The finish length of metalled streets in Uttarakhand is 19,543 km. The length of PWD streets is 17,545 km, while the length of streets developed by local techniques is 1,998 km.

Railways: The main practice programs are Dehradun, Hardwar, Roorkee, Kotdwar, Kashipur, Udhamsingh Nagar, Haldwani, Ramnagar and Kathgodam.

Aviation: There are air products at Jolly Allow (Dehradun), and Pantnagar (Udham Singh Nagar). Air products at Naini-Seni (Pithoragarh), Gauchar (Chamoli) and Chinyalisaur (Uttarkashi) are under growth. From this interval Pawan Hendes Ltd., has started helicopter support from Rudraprayag to Kedarnath for pilgrims.

Festivals

The world-famous Kumbh Mela/Ardh Kumbh Mela is organized in Hardwar at an interval of every twelfth/sixth interval. Other well-known fairs/festivals are: Devidhura Mela (Champawat), Purnagiri Mela (Champawat), Nanda Devi Mela (Almora), Gauchar Mela (Chamoli), Baisakhi (Uttarkashi), Magha Mela (Uttarkashi), Uttaraini Mela (Bageshwar), Vishu Mela (Jaunsar Vavar), Peerane-Kaliyar (Roorkee), and Nanda Devi Raj Jat Yatra, organized every 12th interval.


Tourist Centres

Popular locations of pilgrimage/tourist passions are Gangotri, Yamunotri, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Hardwar, Rishikesh, Hemkund Sahib, Nanakmatta, etc. Kailash Mansarovar Yatra can be conducted through Kumaon area. The world-famous Area of Blossoms, Pindari Glacier, Roop Kund, Dayara Bugyal, Auli, and mountain channels like Mussoorie, Dehradun, Chakrata, Nainital, Ranikhet, Bageshwar, Bhimtal, Kausani are the essential locations of vacationer attention.

Tripura

History and Geography

Tripura has a lengthy ancient previous, a exclusive tribe lifestyle and a amazing tradition. The record of Tripura can be recognized from 'Rajmala' stories of master Tripura and documents of other Mohammedan researchers. 

There are sources of Tripura even in Mahabharata and Puranas. According to 'Rajmala', the leaders were known by the last name 'Fa' significance 'father'. There is a referrals to leaders of Bengal assisting Tripura leaders in the Fourteenth millennium. Kings of Tripura had to deal with regular Mughal invasions with different achievements. They beaten the Mohammedan Sultans of Bengal in several fights. 19th millennium noticeable the starting of the contemporary era in Tripura, when master Maharaja Birchandra Kishore Manikya Bahadur modelled his management set-up on the English Indian design and introduced in various changes. 

His successors decided Tripura until 15 Oct, 1949, when it combined with the Native indian Partnership. Originally, a aspect 'C' condition, it became a centrally applied area with the reorganisation of declares in 1956. In 1972, Tripura accomplished the position of a full-fledged condition. Tripura is tactically located between the stream valleys of Myanmar and Bangladesh. Surrounded almost on three factors by Bangladesh, it is connected with Assam and Mizoram in the North-East.

Irrigation and Power

Geographical place of Tripura is 10,49,169 hectare. It is evaluated that about 2,80,000 hectares of place is cultivable. As on 31 April 2005 an place of 82,005 hectares of place has been introduced under confident watering by offering raise watering, strong pipe well, disruption, method watering, superficial pipe water wells and push places. 

This is about 29.29 % of the cultivable place in the condition. 1269 L.I. Techniques, 160 strong pipe water wells, 27 disruption schemes have been finished and 3 method watering schemes, namely, Gumti, Khowai and Manu are offering watering water to the aspect part of the control places as tunel program has not been finished.

The existing maximum optimum need of energy in the State is around 162 MW Power available now from own producing channels is around 70 MW. About 50 MW energy is being brought in from the Region's assigned discuss from the Primary Industry energy producing channels in the NE-Region. Thus, the complete available energy is about 120 MW, making a brief drop of about 42 MW during prime time. This lack is currently being handled by losing cause in a successive way for about 1(one) to 1/1-2 (one and half) time at night throughout the State.

The optimum need of the State has been approximated to go up to 253 MW by 2007 by CEA in Sixteenth Power Study Review. It is approximated that the optimum need during 2012 will be 396 MW considering the need coming up out of Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) and industrialisation in the State.

1x21 MW GT Venture at Baramura discovering under NEC : Accepted by EFC & suggested by DONER but yet to be accepted by Secretary of state for Fund, Government. of Indian.

Another 1x21 MW G.T. set at Rokhia, Western Tripura was set up on 31 April 2006.

ONGCL Power Venture (110 MW): Tripura's discuss is 100 MW. Likely to be requested in 2008-09.

Transport

Roads: The complete duration of streets in Tripura is 15,227 km, of which significant place streets represent 454 km and other place streets are 1,538 km.

Railways: The complete duration of train collections within the condition prolonged up to Manu is 66 km. Manu-Agartala Railway range (Length-88 km) has been announced as Nationwide Venture and focus on time frame has been set for realization the project by April 2007.

Preliminary survey for Agartala-Sabroom railroad weblink was done several in the last. It is recognized that reconnaissance engineering-cum-traffic survey for a new BG range between Agartala and Sabroom was sanctioned in 1998-99. Laptop computer report for this new Railway range (110 km) was completed and sent to the Railway Panel in mid-2000 by NF train regulators. Therefore, perform for upgrading of this survey report was taken up during 2004-05 and modified survey report with throw. Calculate of Rs. 556.88 crore were sent to the Railway Panel by NF train regulators in beginning 2005.

In purchase to improve business and industry with Bangladesh, train weblink between Agartala (a train jct in Bangladesh) needs to be recognized. The range from Agartala is approximately 13 km of which 5.40 km is within Indian. This weblink will accomplish developing a much-needed immediate train weblink from Tripura to Kolkata in Western Bengal for simpler activity of traveler and shipping.

A initial survey for development of new train range linking Agartala to Akhaura was sanctioned by Railway Panel in Feb 1999. Study for Native indian section was finished and Bangladesh Railway regulators were asked for by NF train regulators to offer details of their aspect. 

But as no details from bangladesh was available, the Study report for Native indian aspect of Agartala-Akhaura new train range (5.4 km) at an approximated price of Rs. 27.27 crore was sent to the Railway Panel by NF train regulators in mid-2000. There has been no improvement thereafter in this respect.

Aviation: The primary Terminal is at Agartala. There are air-ports at Kailashahar, Kamalpur and Khowai though they are not performing at the moment.

The Municipal Aircraft Ministry has been asked for to consider asking Native indian Airways and other personal airlines managing in this place to function browsing routes between Agartala and Silchar in Assam via Kailashahar and Kamalpur airport. The Ministry has now mooted the concept that the Local govt and NEC may indication a MoU with NEC accepting to discuss the expenses on growth of growth of these two air-ports. The State Government has indicated its lack of ability to accept to this offer.

Tourism

The important tourist centres are :

1. West-south Tripura Tourism Circuit
   
   1. Agartala
   2. Kamalsagar
   3. Sepahijala
   4. Neermahal
   5. Udaipur
   6. Pilak
   7. Mahamuni
2. West-North Tripura Tourism Circuit
   
   1. Agartala
   2. Unokuti
   3. Jampui Hil

Festivals

Tourism Festival

1. Orange and tourism Festival-Vangmun
2. Unokuti Tourism Festival
3. Neermahal Tourism Festival
4. Pilak Tourism Festival

Cultural Religious Festival

The following festivals are celebrated.

1. Makar Sankranti at Thirthamukh and Unokoti
2. Holi
3. Ashokashtami at Unokoti, Brahmakunda (Mohanpur)
4. Rash
5. Bengali New Year
6. Garia, Dhamail, Biju and Hojgiri Festival
7. Boat Race and Manasa Mangal Festival
8. Ker and Khachi Festival
9. Durgapuja
10. Diwali
11. Christmas at Jampuri Hills
12. Budha Purnima
13. Rabindra-Najrul-Sukanta Utsav
14. Street Drama Festival
15. Chongpreng Utsav
16. Khumpuli Festival
17. Wah Festival
18. Folk Cultural Festival (Loko Utsav)
19. Murasing Festival
20. Sanghati Festival
21. Baishakhi Festival (Sabroom)

Tourism

West-south Tripura Tourism Circuit:

1. Agartala
2. Kamalsagar
3. Sepahijala
4. Neermahal
5. Udaipur
6. Pilak
7. Mahamuni

West-North Tripura Tourism Circuit:

1. Agartala
2. Dumboor Lake
3. Unokuti
4. Jampuri Hill