History and Geography
The Condition of Tamil Nadu has a hoary antiquity. Though early sangam oldies toss traditional sources, we complete to documented record only from the Pallavas.
The southeast declares of Indian local were under the hegemony of the Cholas, the Cheras and the Pandyas for hundreds of years. The Pallavas organised supremacy from about the second one fourth of it all millennium A.D. They were the officers of the popular Dravidian style of forehead structure.
The last Pallava leader was Aparajita, in whose leadership the later Cholas under Vijayalaya and Aditya stated themselves by about the Tenth millennium. At the end of the 1200's, Tamil Nadu was decided by several dynasties like the Chalukyas, Cholas and Pandyas. In the two hundreds of years that followed, the imperial Cholas obtained paramountcy over Southern Indian local.
Muslims progressively increased their place, which led to the organization of the Bahamani Sultanate, by the center of the Fourteenth millennium. At the same time, the Vijayanagar Empire quickly combined itself and prolonged its move over the whole of Southern Indian local, and at the close of the millennium, Vijayanagar became thesupreme energy in Southern. However, it crumbled at the battle of Talikota in 1564 to the accomplice causes of the Deccan Sultans.
Even during the period of the tumultuous misunderstandings that followed the battle of Talikota, Western professional interest had showed up as competitors in the place of Southern Indian local. The Colonial, the Nederlander, the France and the English came in quick sequence and recognized trading centers known as 'Factories'.
East Indian local Company, which had recognized its manufacturer at Masulipatnam (now in Andhra Pradesh) in 1611, progressively annexed places by motivating enmity among the local kings. Tamil Nadu was one of the first of English agreements in Indian local. The Condition is the heir to the old Madras Obama administration, which protected the large of the southeast peninsula in 1901. The blend Madras Condition was later reorganised, and the present Tamil Nadu was established.
Tamil Nadu is surrounded on northern by Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, on the western by Kerala, on the eastern by the Bay of Bengal, and on the south by the Indian local Sea.
Agriculture
Agriculture is the significant profession in Tamil Nadu. The major food vegetation consist of paddy, millets and impulses. Commercial vegetation consist of sugarcane, pure cotton, sunflower, grape, cashew, chillies, gingelly and groundnut. Farmville farm vegetation are tea, java, cardamom and rubberized. Major woodlands generates are wood, sandalwood, pulp wood and petrol wood.
Tamil Nadu takes up a top-notch place in the growth and comprehensive program of bio-fertilizers. Attempts are on to enhance farming technological innovation so as to increase results in in the low rain fall places of the Condition. Yearly foodgrains growth surpasses ten thousand loads with grain adding a typical eight thousand loads.
Industry and Minerals
Major Sectors in Tamil Nadu are pure cotton, large professional automobiles, automatic elements, train trainers, energy pushes, set getting brownish naturally industries, concrete, glucose, document, automobiles and protection suits.
Knowledge centered industries like I.T. and Medical have become the forced place in the commercial landscape in Tamil Nadu. TIDEL, a program technological innovation recreation area, has been recognized in Tharamani, Chennai. Chennai has currently about 50,000 program experts applied in 900 IT companies.
Global automatic degrees Cars Engines, Honda, Hindustan Engines and Mitsubishi have started growth vegetation. Ashok Leyland and TAFE have set up growth vegetation in Chennai.
Main nutrient prosperity of situations is marble, lignite and limestone. The state is an essential exporter of bronzed skin and set products, string, tea, java, spices or herbs, technological innovation products, cigarettes, handcraft and dark marble. Tamil Nadu leads to 60 % of the tannery market in Indian local. Chennai Refinery Restricted has given increase to several petro-based models. Major substance and manure vegetation have been recognized at Cuddalore and Tuticorin.
Irrigation
Important watering techniques and modernisation of current Periyar Vaigai Program, Palar Sink Program and Parambikulam-Aliyar Program besides the minimal system in Vellar, Pennayar, Araniyar Amaravathi, Chithar sinks amassing, an level of six lakh miles of current ayacut in Tamil Nadu have been helped by applying the 'System Enhancement and Farm owners Revenues Projects' implemented with support from World Financial institution.
The significant watering system protecting one-third of irrigated level in Tamil Nadu, namely reservoir watering system has been given due respect for growth under WRCP, and 620 aquariums managed by Public Works Division dropping under Palar, Vaigai, and Tamaraparani Basins have been taken up for recovery and improvement.
The Condition has become the innovator Condition to apply it of 'River basin management' by an individual body made up of authorities and farmers besides various associates of the basin. To start with, Sink Control Forums have been established for Palar and Tamaraparani sinks.
Power
The complete set up potential for power in the Condition is 8,249 MW. The set up potential of Condition Companies are 5,288 MW, and that of Private Companies are 1,058 MW. Apart from this, 1,903 MW is available as discuss from Main Industry.
Transport
Roads: The duration of streets system in Tamil Nadu is 1,50,095 km, of which showed up street is 60,901 km.
Railways: The complete duration of railways is 4,181 km, the primary junctions being Chennai, Madurai, Tiruchirapalli, Coimbatore and Tirunelveli.
Aviation: Chennai being manchester international terminal terminal in the southeast place is the primary center of air travel tracks. Besides, there are worldwide airports at Tiruchirapalli, Madurai, Coimbatore and Salem.
Ports: Major slots in the Condition are Chennai and Tuticorin. There are seven other minimal slots such as Cuddalore and Nagapattinam.
Festivals
Pongal is the collect event popular by the farmers in Jan to praise the sun, the world and the livestock as thanks providing for a bounteous collect. Pongal event is followed by the Jallikattu-Bull battle, in some places of southeast Tamil Nadu. Alanganallur in Tamil Nadu is worldwide popular for Jallikattu - Fluff battle.
Chithirai event, Madurai delivers a amazing re-enactment of the wedding of the Pandiyan queen Meenakshi to Master Sundareswarar. Adipperukku is a event popular on the Eighteenth day of Tamil month, Adi, on the financial institutions of waterways. It represents the beginning of new farming functions. Dancing Festival, Mamallapuram, which is set before an open air level, designed 13 hundreds of years ago the amazing monolithic stone statues of the Pallavas, next to the sea in this historical town of Mamallapuram.
Bharatha Natyam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, and Odissi are some dance types provided by the very best exponents of the art besides individuals dances. At the Natyanjali Dancing Festival, the forehead town of Chidambaram will pay special honor to Master Nataraja the 'Cosmic Dancer'.
devotees flock to the shrine of saint Quadirwali.
One of the descendants of the Saint is chosen as a Peer or spiritual leader, and is honoured with offerings. On the tenth day of the festival, the Saint's tomb is anointed with sandalwood, and later the holy sandal paste is distributed to everyone. Wondrous legends surround the church, the most famous being that of the ship wrecked Portuguese sailors, who in the 16th century, vowed to build a great shrine for the Virgin Mary, for saving their lives in a terrible storm. The Velankanni festival attracts thousands, clad in orange robes to the sacred spot where the ship landed. Equally famous are the Virgin Mary's miraculous healing powers, earning for the church the name 'Lourdes of the East'.
The Navarathiri Festival, literally means the festival of 'nine nights', taking unique and different forms in different states of India, all to propitiate the goddess Sakthi, for power, wealth and knowledge. Rows of glittering earthen lamps outside every home and joyous burst of fire crackers mark Tamil Nadu's Festival of lights, Karthigai Deepam. In December, Chennai celebrates her priceless heritage of carnatic music and dance at its Music Festival to present a galaxy of star artistes, old and new.
Tourist Centres
Chennai, Mamallapuram, Poompuhar, Kancheepuram, Kumbakonam, Dharasuram, Chidambaram, Tiruvannamalai, Srirangam, Madurai, Rameswaram, Tirunelveli, Kanniyakumari, Thanjavur, Velankanni, Nagoor, Chithannavasal, Kazhugumalai (monument centres), Courtallam, Hogenakkal, Papanasam, Suruli (water-falls), Ooty(Udhagamandalam), Kodaikanal, Yercaud, Elagiri Kolli Hills (hill stations), Guindy (Chennai), Mudumalai, Annamalai, Mundanthurai, Kalakad (wild life sanctuaries), Vedanthangal and Point Calimere (bird sanctuaries), Arignar Anna Zoological Park, near Chennai, are some of the locations of vacationer attention.
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